General

Functional neurological disorder (FND), also known as conversion disorder, represents a complex condition characterised by neurological symptoms that cannot be attributed to any discernible structural or organic disease. Unlike other neurological disorders with identifiable biomarkers, FND manifests through a range of physical symptoms like weakness, movement disorders, sensory issues, and…

Functional Neurological Disorder, often abbreviated as FND, presents with neurological symptoms for which there is no clear structural or pathological reason typically identified through standard neurological examinations. These symptoms can include, but are not limited to, limb weakness, non-epileptic seizures, tremors, walking difficulties, and cognitive or sensory disruptions. Despite the…

Functional neurological disorder (FND) is characterised by neurological symptoms that cannot be attributed to a medical condition but result from a malfunction in the nervous system. Symptoms vary widely, ranging from motor dysfunctions like weakness or tremors to sensory impairments such as numbness or vision impairments. Cognitive symptoms, including memory…

Functional Neurological Disorder (FND) is a medical condition characterised by neurological symptoms that are not attributable to recognised neurological diseases. These symptoms can encompass a wide range of manifestations, including motor dysfunctions, sensory abnormalities, and cognitive impairments. Unlike conditions caused by neuropathological or structural changes within the nervous system, FND…

Pain syndromes refer to complex conditions where individuals experience chronic pain that is often not directly attributable to an injury or an observable physical cause. These syndromes involve a heightened sensitivity to pain, known as hyperalgesia, or report pain from stimuli that do not typically cause pain, known as allodynia….

Functional neurological disorder (FND) is a complex condition characterised by neurological symptoms that cannot be explained by traditional medical diseases. These symptoms can include motor and sensory disturbances, such as weakness, movement disorders, sensory symptoms, and seizures, which are not linked to abnormal structural pathology on conventional neuroimaging. Historically, the…

Functional symptoms are physical manifestations of conditions not directly linked to identifiable organic or structural causes. This fundamental characteristic makes these symptoms both challenging to diagnose and manage. Typically, these symptoms manifest as a response to underlying psychosocial factors rather than clear-cut physical abnormalities. Consequently, they can present in various…